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1. Which of the following statements about maternal smoking and birthweight is most accurate?
Younger smokers are at the highest risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR)
The effect of smoking in reducing birthweight is not noted among women with a higher body mass index
Cigarette use in the third trimester appears to have the strongest relationship with birthweight
Although smoking increases the risk for IUGR, there is no dose-response relationship between maternal smoking habits and birthweight
2. Maternal smoking is least likely to negatively affect which of the following measures among newborns?
Subcutaneous fat
Head circumference
Limb length
Weight
3. Which of the following statements about fetal ultrasound among women who smoke is most accurate?
Smoking does not appear to affect fetal organ size
Research has yet to demonstrate an effect between maternal smoking and fetal long bone length
Research has yet to demonstrate an effect between maternal smoking and fetal head measurements
Women who smoke during pregnancy should routinely be assessed with ultrasound early in the third trimester
4. Which of the following statements about smoking cessation during pregnancy is most accurate?
Smoking cessation has not been associated with an increase in birthweight
Intervention programs can improve rates of smoking cessation by 50%
Smoking cessation during the first trimester promotes similar neonatal outcomes compared with smoking through the third trimester
Reducing the number of cigarettes consumed appears as effective as smoking cessation in improving birthweight

Answers:

Which of the following statements about maternal smoking and birthweight is most accurate?
Answer: Cigarette use in the third trimester appears to have the strongest relationship with birthweight
There is a synergistic effect between older maternal age and smoking in promoting IUGR. Body mass index does not mitigate the effects of smoking in reducing birthweight, and an inverse dose-response relationship has been demonstrated between maternal smoking habits and birthweight.

Maternal smoking is least likely to negatively affect which of the following measures among newborns?
Answer: Subcutaneous fat
Previous research has found that maternal smoking predominantly lowers newborn weight, limb length, and head circumference. However, maternal smoking appears to leave measures of subcutaneous fat in newborns relatively unchanged.

Which of the following statements about fetal ultrasound among women who smoke is most accurate?
Answer: Women who smoke during pregnancy should routinely be assessed with ultrasound early in the third trimester
Maternal smoking has been associated with reduced renal and cardiac volume, reduced long bone length, and reduced biparietal and occipitofrontal diameters on fetal ultrasound. Therefore, ultrasound should be routinely performed during the early third trimester among women who smoke.

Which of the following statements about smoking cessation during pregnancy is most accurate?
Answer: Intervention programs can improve rates of smoking cessation by 50%
Smoking cessation is associated with improved birthweight, and women who quit smoking cessation during the first trimester have similar anthropometric neonatal outcomes compared with never-smokers. Smoking cessation is more effective than reducing cigarette consumption in improving birthweight.

Tags: tabacco

November 21st, 2008 | Tags: tabacco | Posted in Uncategorized |