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1. According to STRAW nomenclature, late perimenopause is described as a stage when
Changes in menstrual cycle length are greater than 7 days
Menstrual flow is reduced, with changes in cycle length greater than 10 days
Two or more menstrual cycles are skipped
Two or more menstrual cycles are skipped, and there is at least 1 period of amenorrhea exceeding 60 days
Menstrual flow is reduced, with changes in cycle length greater than 10 days, and 2 or more menstrual cycles are skipped
2. Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with menopausal changes?
Irritability
Eczema
Bone loss
Insomnia
Joint pain/achiness
3. Based on evidence from the SWAN study, choose the correct descending order for risk of developing hot flashes.
African American > Hispanic > Caucasian > Japanese
African American > Caucasian > Hispanic > Japanese
Hispanic > Japanese > Caucasian > African American
Caucasian > Japanese > Hispanic > African American
None of the above
4. Which of these factors relates to hot flash frequency?
Cold temperature
BMI greater than 27
Cycling and swimming
Eating soy products
All of the above
5. Which of the following conditions may cause hot flashes?
Thyroid disease
Use of tamoxifen
Pancreatic tumors
Autoimmune disease
All of the above
6. According to the WHI study, the cumulative hazard for CHD risk in the use of estrogen therapy is age dependent. Which of the following statements is true?
Conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) administered to women 50-59 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
CEE administered to women 60-69 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
CEE administered to women 70-79 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
CEE administered to women 50-59 and 60-69 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
CEE administered to women 60-69 and 70-79 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
7. Transdermal hormone therapy may have particular advantages for women
With elevated triglycerides
With type 2 diabetes
Who smoke
Who prefer nondaily therapy
All of the above
8. Transdermal hormone therapy differs from oral formulations in the following aspects:
Transdermal formulations avoid first-pass liver metabolism
Transdermal formulations use higher doses than oral formulations
Transdermal formulations cause increased thromboembolism compared with oral formulations
Transdermal formulations provide more stable circulating levels of hormone
Transdermal formulations avoid first-pass liver metabolism, and transdermal formulations provide more stable circulating levels of hormone
All of the above
9. Among the nonhormonal pharmacotherapies, which of the following drugs offers the most effective relief for vasomotor symptoms?
Venlafaxine
Gabapentin
Clonidine
Methyldopa
Bellergal
10. Select the alternative treatment approach(es) that is/are known to reduce vasomotor symptoms.
Paced respiration
Cooling body temperature
Moderate exercise
Relaxing activities
All of the above

Answers:

According to STRAW nomenclature, late perimenopause is described as a stage when
Answer: Two or more menstrual cycles are skipped, and there is at least 1 period of amenorrhea exceeding 60 days
Which of the following conditions is NOT directly associated with menopausal changes?
Answer: Eczema
Based on evidence from the SWAN study, choose the correct descending order for risk of developing hot flashes.
Answer: African American > Hispanic > Caucasian > Japanese
Which of these factors relates to hot flash frequency?
Answer: BMI greater than 27
Which of the following conditions may cause hot flashes?
Answer: All of the above
According to the WHI study, the cumulative hazard for CHD risk in the use of estrogen therapy is age dependent. Which of the following statements is true?
Answer: Conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) administered to women 50-59 years of age lowered the CHD risk at baseline
Transdermal hormone therapy may have particular advantages for women
Answer: All of the above
Transdermal hormone therapy differs from oral formulations in the following aspects:
Answer: Transdermal formulations avoid first-pass liver metabolism, and transdermal formulations provide more stable circulating levels of hormone
Among the nonhormonal pharmacotherapies, which of the following drugs offers the most effective relief for vasomotor symptoms?
Answer: Venlafaxine
Select the alternative treatment approach(es) that is/are known to reduce vasomotor symptoms.
Answer: All of the above

January 21st, 2009 | Posted in Uncategorized |